Choosing your reenactment era is a long term commitment. Here is an honest comparison of the main options.
Quick answer. The main reenactment eras and what they offer: Roman (physical, cheap kit, large groups), Viking (atmospheric, moderate kit, large groups), medieval (highly social, moderate kit, large groups), Tudor and Stuart (small groups, specialist), English Civil War (large groups, moderate kit), 18th century (specialist groups, varied kit), Napoleonic (large groups, expensive kit), American Civil War (very large US groups, expensive kit), Victorian (specialist, moderate kit), World War I (small groups, moderate kit), World War II (large groups, expensive kit, strict rules). Choose based on your interests, budget and local group availability.
Roman reenactment
Roman legionary reenactment is popular across Europe, with large groups in Britain, Germany, France and Italy. Kit: tunic, armour (lorica segmentata or hamata), helmet, sandals, shield, sword, pilum. Moderate initial cost (around 800 to 1,500 pounds). Physical demands are high: marching in armour, carrying heavy equipment. Events include Hadrian's Wall displays, Roman festivals in Italy, and Imperial Roman tactical events across the empire's old territory. Suitable for those interested in classical history and willing to tolerate physical demands.
Viking and medieval
Viking and medieval reenactment is social, atmospheric and open to all ages. Kit varies by exact period and class impression but typically includes tunic, trousers, mantle or kyrtill, shoes, belt, weapons (axe, sword, spear). Cost 400 to 1,500 pounds depending on quality level. Groups are large in Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, Poland and the US. Events include large multi national gatherings like Wolin in Poland and Hastings in England. The atmosphere is relaxed and welcoming.
English Civil War and 17th century
The Sealed Knot and the English Civil War Society in Britain are two of the largest reenactment groups in Europe, with thousands of members. Kit: 17th century clothing, buff coat, hat, musket or pike, sword. Cost 800 to 2,000 pounds. Events include major battle commemorations (Edgehill, Naseby, Marston Moor) and smaller tactical events. The era is well suited to large battle displays and has a strong historical research base.
Napoleonic
Napoleonic reenactment is widespread across Europe, with groups in Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Austria, Russia and elsewhere. Kit is expensive due to the complex uniforms: wool coat with facings, waistcoat, shako or busby, musket or rifle, sword, cross belts. Cost 1,200 to 3,000 pounds for a basic infantry impression; much more for cavalry or officers. Events include the Waterloo bicentenary and smaller battle commemorations across Europe. The era attracts serious historical research and strong community bonds.
American Civil War
By far the largest reenactment community in the world, with tens of thousands of participants in the US. Kit: dark blue (Union) or grey (Confederate) uniform, musket, haversack, canteen, bayonet. Cost 1,000 to 2,500 pounds. Events include major battle anniversaries (Gettysburg, Antietam, Bull Run) with thousands of participants. The hobby is institutionalised in the US and has long traditions. Smaller American Civil War communities exist in Britain, Germany, Italy and elsewhere.
World War I and II
20th century reenactment has grown steadily in Europe and the US. Kit: period correct uniform and equipment, often with surplus military items (though many need to be reproduction). Cost 800 to 3,500 pounds for World War I; 1,500 to 5,000 for World War II (more because of vehicles and heavy equipment). Events include the Somme centenary, D Day anniversary events, and large tactical events. Both eras attract strong group loyalty. World War II reenactment of German forces requires particular care given the historical sensitivities.
Common questions
Which era has the biggest community?
American Civil War in the US is by far the largest. In Britain, the Sealed Knot and English Civil War Society are the biggest single groups.
Which era is cheapest to start?
Viking or medieval. Simpler clothing, lower cost weapons, less specialised equipment.
Which era is most expensive?
World War II (vehicles and equipment), Napoleonic cavalry (horse and tack) and Roman cavalry (armour and horse) are the most expensive.
Can I change eras?
Yes. Many reenactors do several eras. Each requires a separate kit, which is costly, but a single person can be a Napoleonic infantryman and a Viking warrior with time and money.
What era is most physically demanding?
Roman (armour and marching) and medieval heavy knight (full plate) are the most physical. World War II infantry marching with equipment is also demanding.